Portable furnace for burning the enameling on porcelain



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S. BEVINGTON,

PORTABLE FURNACE FOR BURNING THE ENAMBLING 0N PORCELAIN, &c.

No. 251,821. 1 Patented Jan. 3,1882.

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S. BEVINGTON.

PORTABLE FURNACE FOR BURNING THE ENAMELING 0N PORGELAIN, &G..

No. 251,821. Patented Jan. 3,1882

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1 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

SAMUEUBEVINGTON, OF PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA.

PORTABLE FURNACE FOR BURNING THE ENAMELING 0N PORCELAIN, &c.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 251,821, dated January 3, 1882.

Application filed May 17, 188 1. (No model.) I l I To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, SAMUEL BEVINGTON, a subject of the Queen of Great Britain, residing at Philadelphia, in the county of Philadelphia and State of Pennsylvania, have invented certain new and usefulImprovements in Portable Furnaces for Burning the Enameling, &c., on

Porcelain and Similar Ware, of which the following is a specification, referencebeing had to the accompanying drawings, wherein Figure 1 is a transverse vertical section of a furnace embodying my invention. Fig. 2 is a front elevation of the same. Fig. 3 is alike view with the exterior metallic doors and interior front section of the wall of the t'urnaceremoved, exposing to view the front of the oven.

Fig.4.isa like view with, the metallic doors only removed. Fig. 5 is a longitudinal vertical section of my improved furnace. Figs. 6 and 7 are horizontal sections on the lines 1 1 and 2 2, Fig. 5, respectively.

My invention relates to portable furnaces for burning the enameling on porcelain, glass, earthenware, jewelry, and other like articles, and has for its object to so construct the furnace that such enam elin g will be burned on said articlesfree from sulphurand mildew, and more perfectly and in a superior manner than has heretofore been accomplished by the use of f urnaces as now constructed and operated, my

- furnace being so constructed and manipulated that the heat from the same causes such enamel to become incorporated into or integral with the article upon which it is placed; hence said enam'eling cannot be washed out or otherwise destroyed.

My invention has for its further object to so construct the furnace that after the enamel has been burned on the porcelain-ware, 850., the heat accumulating in the oven during such operation will gradually but rapidly be conducted or caused to pass out of the oven without opening any part.of the same,so that the various articles placed therein will gradually cool in a very short time, to prevent any crackling of the enamel thereon, and whereby the said articles may the sooner be removed from the oven and replaced by a fresh charge or set, thereby providing for frequent firing up of the furnace in a given time, to increase the capacity of the furnace and cheapen the cost of production.

My invention has for its still further object to dispense with the expensive and cumbersome brick-work or masonry heretofore considered essential in the above class offurnaces.

To the accomplishment of such advantages my invention consists in the novel combination, arrangement, and construction ofparts, having reference particularly to the following points: toafurnace having a heating-chamber in which is a division-wall or partition for separating or dividing the heat coming from the furnace, so as to cause port-ions of the same to ascend on and around all sides of the oven ;'to the ,provision of an exterior tapering or conical furnace-wall and tapering lines between said wall and the inclosed-oven; to the provision of said conical furnacewall formed with exterior ribs] or havingits outersurface corrugated or fluted,-

ternal air for conducting outof the oven the moisture, 850., arising. from the drying of the enamel, and, further, for allowing the heat accumulating in said oven during the burning-on operation to be gradually butquickly conducted therefrom.

Referring to the accompanying drawings, A represents a cast-iron foundation or base, upon which is built the fire place or box B, oblong in shape, as shown, and provided with a grate, b, and ash-pit b.

O is the exterior furnace-wall, resting on said base A, made in sections, the edges of which are rabbeted, so that when placed in position said sections will interlock and retain their location without the aid of mortar or other cement. Said sections, as well as those of which the fire-place Bis constructed and those to be hereinafter described, are all made of refractory clay, having their edges so formed as Wall will be tapering in outline, with the narrowest part at the top of the oven. Said space is divided on three sides by vertical partitions c c to form a series of tapering flues, d (1, said partit ons being continued over the semicircular top of the oven, as shown at c c, and the latter, being surmounted by a cap, E, resting on said partitions c 0, forms the upper side or cover for the top fines, d d, all of which terminate in the fiue'e of cap E and pass out through the tapering opening 6 in said cap to the smoke-stack. (Not shown in the drawings.)

The oven D is held supported in position by projections 0 0 formed on the partitions c c, as shown,

F is a tube passing out of the top of the oven D, and gradually tapers as it passes therefrom and through the wall 0 of the furnace, its end f having a plug or stopple, f.

G G are sight or peep hole pipes extending from the front door or wall, (7?, of the oven, and through the removable section 0 of wall 0. Said peep-holes are covered with a sheet of mica, which, if desired, may be held in place by'a brass cap or other suitable device. The outer surface of the wall 0 is corrugated, fluted, or formed with ridges c 0 against which impinges or rests a metallic sheath, H, so as to form between said wall and sheath a series of vertical openings, h h, said sheath and furnace being surmounted by a cap, I, to retain all of said parts in a fixed position.

Back of the fire-place B is a heat-chamber, K, provided with a wall It, which divides the heat emanating from the tire-box and causes 'parts of the same to pass up all of the tines d d surrounding the oven, the bottom k of said chamber having formed therein an opening, R2, the end-k of which terminates in the ashpitb, and its remaining-end, k communicating with the external air at the opposite side of the furnace.

L L are folding metallic doors, hinged at ll to the cover or'sheath H, and serve to protect the movable section 0 of wall 0 in the same manner as the sheath H does for the latter, as hereinafter fully described.

a n are the upper and lower furnace-doors, hinged at a a as shown, the door a being attached to a chain, 0, passing over a pulley, 0, in beam 0 secured to cap I by being slipped through loop 41 secured thereto, said chain having at its opposite end a couuterbalancingweight, 0 whereby, when the weight is raised or lowered, the door a is lifted or moved downwardly from and to the fire-placeB to open or close the draft to the furnace. The door n, when down, acts as a fender, and when drawn up and so secured by attaching the end of its. chain a to chain 0 it shuts off the draft through the ash-pit.

The operation is as follows: The articles on which the enamel is to be burned,being properly prepared, are placed upon the perforated shelves d in the oven I), its door d closed, and held so by button (1. The section 0 is now adjusted in position and the metallic doorsL I L closed. The fire is now lighted in the fireplace B, its doors a n adjusted to regulate the draft required. The heat from fire-boxB passes into chamber K, and is divided by the wall It, the outer edge of which is made prow-shape, as shown, for that purpose, and a portion of such heat is caused to pass up each one of the fiues at d. The latter being tapering, a suction is caused thereby in said fiues, and the draft thus produced soon causes the fire-box B to emit an intense heat, which being conducted or radiated through the refractory walls of the oven D, the articles therein are soon raisedto a white heat, and the enamel thereon, being subjected to the same heat, coalesces or becomes incorporated with the material of such articles, and is set or so burned on the same that it cannot be washed out or otherwise'destroyed. The heat,as it passes up the flues d,

passes out through tapering opening 0. The latter being so formed acts to also suck or rapidly draw the heat through flues'd d and c. The provision for sucking or drawing the heat,

as described, is to provide a draft in the fines surrounding the oven, to enable the fire in the box or place B to the sooner give off the intense white heat necessary for such burning-on operation and to prevent the heat remaining in such passages to decrease the draft and to smother the furnace-fire. When the fire is first started the plug f is removed from the pipe f to allow the escape of the moisture from the oven D emanating from the enamel and the articles therein. ducting away such moisture and other vapors arisingfrom the drying of the enamel allows the The provision for consame to be burned in the articles on which they are placed free from sulphur and mildew. Gonsequently the colors of such burned-on enamel are of a brighter hue and brilliancy than is the case where said moisture is retainedin the oven during the entire operation of burning on said enamel, as has heretofore been done. As soon as the moisture passes off from the oven said plug is replaced, and there being now no outlet for the escape of the heat from the oven the articles therein soon become intensely heated, the progress of which may be ascertained by looking through the peep-holes Gr G from time to time. When the operation is completed the furnace-doors n n are closed and the fire in the box B smothered. The plug f is now again removed from pipe F, and the accumulated heat in oven 1) passes or is sucked therethrough gradually but rapidly, thereby reducing the temperature of the articles in the oven, but doing so evenly and gradually so that the enamel thereon will not fissure or crack. When sufficiently cooled the doors L L are opened, the section 0 and door d removed, the oven emptied of its coutents,which are replaced by afresh charge, and the operation repeated, which may be done as often as the demands or requirements of the business necessitate. Such operation being performed in two (2) or thereabout hours, itwill be seen that the furnace is a very efficient one, there being no brick-work or masonry about it, being built wholly of refractory clay and iron, the latter forming a sheath to keep the heat in the furnace-wall proper by reason of .the cold-air passages h between said wall and sheath.

I have shown the furnace as being circular in shape; but it is evident that the same may be made oblong in form or of any suitable configuration without departing from the spirit of my invention.

What I claim as my invention is 1. Afurnace for burning enameling on porcelain,&c., consisting of a fire-box, a conicalwall the exterior surfaceof which is fluted or corrugated, a surrounding metallic sheath, an interior oven, between which and the fluted wall are tapering flues terminating in a contracted or conical exit-opening, substantially as shown and described. p t

2. A furnace for burning enameling on porcelain, &c., consisting of a fire-box, exterior fluted wall, and metallic covering, oven provided with a tapering exit-pipe and peep-holes, and having between said oven and fluted wall a series of tapering heat-fines, substantially as described.

3. Afnrnaceforburning enamel on porcelain, &c., consisting of a fire-boX,-a heat-chamber back of the same and below the oven, and provided with a division wall or partition,from said chamber arising a series of tapering flues surand an interior rounding the oven, and an outer wall the exterior surface of whichis corrugated or fluted and surrounded by a metallic covering or sheath substantially as shown and described.

4. The combination of firebox A, heat-chamber K, wall 0, corrugated exteriorly, the sheath H, oven D, having tapering pipe F, surrounded with tapering fines d, substantially as shown and described. I

5. The combination, with furnace B, having walls 0, of oven D, provided with perforated shelves d tapering flue F, having stopplef, and peep-hole pipes G, substantially as shown and described.

6. The combination, with furnace B, provided with doors a n and attached chains 0 and n, and counterpoise 0 of walls 0 0, having surroundingsheath H, provided with folding doors L L, substantially as shown and described.

7. In combination with furnace B, walls 0 (J, and oven D, said parts being arranged in relation to eachother to provide tapering flues d d between said ovenand Walls, a heatingchamber, K, having partition 70, the forward edge of which is beveled or made prow shape, substantially as shown and described.

In testimony that I claim the foregoing I have hereunto setmy hand this 21st day of February, A. D. 1881.

SAMUEL ,BEVINGTON.

Witnesses CHAS. F. VAN HoRN, A. M. ZANE. 

